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Contents: |
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Different analytical models,
including Finite Element and Distinct Element Methods, are
described, and their shortcomings and (lack of) validation
are discussed.
Further the book describes the equally important models of
structural and functional deterioration, and how these may
be combined with climatic variations and dynamic loading in
a stochastic simulation of pavement deterioration.
Finally the book also
touches upon surface characteristics, user effects and
optimization for use in Pavement Management. |
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1. Introduction versus reality |
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2. Theory of elasticity |
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2.1 Elastic
Parameters
2.2 Stresses and Strain in continuum
2.3 Bouissnesq's equation |
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| 3.
Assumtions of the theory of elasticity |
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3.1 Stress
concentration
3.2 Anisotropy
3.3 Shear sensitivity
3.4 Probabilistic stress distribution |
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| 4.
Odemark's method |
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4.1 Examples
of the Use of Odemark's Method
4.2 Westergaard's equations for rigid pavements |
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| 5. The
Finite Element Method (FEM) |
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| 6.
Non-linear models |
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| 7. Viscous
and visco-elastic models (Rheology) |
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7.1 Kelvin
model
7.2 Maxwell model
7.3 Burgers model
7.4 Parabolic element
7.5 The SHRP model
7.6 Temperature shift factor |
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| 8. Distinct
Element Method |
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8.1 Two
dimensional stress distribution
8.2 Biaxial tests on angular elements |
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| 9.
Structural damage prediction |
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9.1 Examples
of HDM III model
9.2 Deflection is a poor substitute for bearing capacity
9.3 Asphalt strain criteria
9.4 Continuum Damage Mechanics |
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9.4.1 Damage based on
Actual Stress
9.4.2 Damage based on Energy Density
9.4.3 Damage based on Delayed Elastic Energy Density |
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9.5 Finite
Element simulation of asphalt damage
9.6 Visible cracks in asphalt pavements
9.7 Cracking of Portland Cement bound materials |
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| 10. Plastic
deformation |
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| 11.
Roughness |
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11.1 The
AASHTO design equation for flexible pavements
11.2 Mathematical Model of Pavement Performance (MMOPP) |
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11.2.1 Spatial
variation of pavement parameters
11.2.2 Climatic variations
11.2.3 Loading |
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| 12.
Determination of moduli |
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12.1
Laboratory tests and equations based on standard tests
12.2 In Situ tests |
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12.2.1 Wave
propagation methods
12.2.2 Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) |
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12.3 Design
values |
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| 13.
Verification of response and performance models |
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13.1 Verifying
response models
13.2 Verifying performance models
13.3 Verifying using a PMS (PERS®) |
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| 14.
Surfacing characteristics |
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14.1 Skid
resistance
14.2 Ageing
14.3 Surface wear |
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| 15. Uniform
subsections |
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| 16. User
effects |
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16.1 Vehicle
operation costs
16.2 Accident costs
16.3 Other effects |
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| 17.
Optimisation |
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| 18.
Conclusion |
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| References |
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| Index |
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